Achalasia is a rare condition that affects the esophagus – the tube that carries food and liquids from your mouth to your stomach. Normally, a small muscle at the bottom of the esophagus relaxes to let food pass into the stomach. With achalasia, this muscle doesn’t relax properly. As a result, food and drinks can get stuck in the esophagus.
The exact cause isn’t always known, but damage to the nerves that control the muscle – possibly due to age, family history, or autoimmune conditions – is believed to be a factor.
Symptoms & Diagnosis
It can be a challenge to diagnose achalasia because its symptoms can also point to other digestive disorders. Our specialists, however, have the experience and skill to pinpoint the problem so you can be treated effectively.
People with achalasia often notice:
- Trouble swallowing
- Food feeling stuck in the chest
- Regurgitation of undigested food
- Heartburn
- Chest discomfort or pain
- Coughing, especially at night
- Unintended weight loss
- Belching
- Vomiting
To diagnose achalasia, your care team may recommend one or more tests:
- Barium swallow test – An X-ray test where you drink a liquid that helps highlight the esophagus
- Upper endoscopy – A thin, flexible camera used to look at the esophagus and stomach
- Esophageal manometry – A test that measures how well the muscles of your esophagus work
Treatment Options
While achalasia can’t be cured, there are effective treatments to help manage symptoms and improve swallowing. Our specialists will recommend treatment based on your individual needs. Options may include:
- Balloon dilation – A procedure to stretch the valve at the bottom of the esophagus
- Botox injections – Used to relax the valve muscle to ease your pain when swallowing
- Medications – To help reduce pressure in the esophagus
- Surgery –
- Heller myotomy – Using minimally invasive techniques, your provider will cut the esophageal muscles which often become thick and tight so food and liquid can pass into the stomach.
- Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) – An endoscopic procedure to relax the tight muscle at the bottom of the esophagus, making it easier to swallow. It involves no external incisions and usually results in a quicker recovery
Living with the Condition
Living with achalasia can take some adjustment, but with the right care, most people manage the condition well. Tips may include:
- Eating slowly and chewing food thoroughly
- Eating smaller, more frequent meals
- Drinking water with meals to help food pass
- Avoiding very hot or cold foods, which may worsen symptoms
- Sleeping with your head elevated to prevent nighttime regurgitation
Regular follow-ups with your care team are important to monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed. You’re not alone – and with the right support, many people live full, active lives with achalasia.